Pre-Trip Inspections for CDL Drivers: Your First Line of Defense for Road Safety
Every day, commercial vehicles move essential goods across the country. They transport the food reserved for grocery store shelves. They haul the construction materials used to build businesses and homes in your neighborhood.
Behind each shipment is a skilled CDL driver who knows that safety begins before the engine even starts.
A thorough pre-trip inspection is a critical step that keeps drivers, cargo, and other road users safe, and Vestige has the tools to help ensure your drivers adhere to this policy required by law.
Pre-Trip Inspections Are Non-Negotiable
The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) mandates that commercial drivers inspect their vehicles before hitting the road. These inspections catch mechanical issues early, prevent accidents, and ensure your vehicle is compliant and roadworthy.
A fully loaded truck can weigh up to 80,000 pounds. Any malfunction—faulty brakes, low tires, etc.—can have serious consequences. Regular inspections not only
Vestige’s line of 360-degree vehicle cameras provides real-time evidence necessary to make sure your crew continues to perform pre-trip inspections, reduce risk on the road, and save your organization from costly downtime and repairs.
See how SalSon Logistics turned a $9 million insurance problem into a strategic advantage
Accident payouts dropped from six‑figure annual totals to under $200,000 by 2024.
Better yet, drivers are protected, insurers are competing for their business, and a stronger safety culture now fuels their profitability.
What to Inspect: Key Systems and Safety Checks
Here’s a breakdown of the most critical components to check before each trip. This list isn’t in any particular order, as long as you check every system.
1. Brake System
Your vehicle’s brake system is responsible for slowing and stopping the vehicle. When checking the brake system, look for the following:
- Air or Hydraulic Fluid Leaks:
Check all brake lines, hoses, and connections for signs of fluid seepage or drips. Leaks can reduce braking power and lead to complete brake failure. If there are any leaks, address them immediately. - Unusual Noises:
Press the brake and listen for grinding, squealing, or hissing sounds. These noises may indicate worn-out pads, damaged drums, or air escaping from the lines. - Proper Air Pressure Buildup (for air brake systems):
Ensure that air pressure builds to the appropriate levels quickly and consistently. Slow pressure buildup or fluctuations may signal a malfunctioning compressor, air dryer, or system leak. - Worn Brake Pads, Shoes, and Drums:
Brake failure remains one of the leading causes of large truck crashes. Always test both service and parking brakes. Inspect all friction surfaces for excessive wear, scoring, or cracking. Thin or uneven pads can reduce stopping power and cause damage to other components if not replaced in time.
Overlooking this area can lead to longer braking times between stops, increasing your chances of a collision or slipping on a slick road.
Vestige provides vehicle surveillance systems to company managers to ensure their drivers follow through with pre-trip inspections and maintain excellent driving behavior at all times.
2. Lighting and Reflectors
Faulty lights can lead to accidents, traffic citations, or out-of-service violations during inspections. Make sure to thoroughly check all lighting components, including:
- Headlights, Brake Lights, and Taillights:
Verify that both high and low beam headlights function correctly. Ensure brake lights activate when the brake pedal is pressed and that taillights remain illuminated when the vehicle is in operation at night or in low visibility conditions. - Turn Signals and Hazard Flashers:
Confirm that all signal lights flash at the proper rate and are synchronized on both the front and rear. Hazard lights should engage instantly and flash uniformly to indicate an emergency or stopped vehicle. - Marker and Clearance Lights:
Inspect all perimeter lights for proper operation, including those on the cab, trailer, or roof. These lights help define the dimensions of your vehicle and must be visible at all times, especially in low-light conditions. - Reflectors for Placement and Damage:
Improper placement or cracked reflectors can reduce visibility and may result in failed inspections. Reflectors must be securely mounted, clean, and undamaged.
All lights and reflectors should be in working order, with clean, unbroken lenses.
Lighting violations are among the most common reasons vehicles are cited or placed out of service during roadside inspections.
3. Tires and Wheels
Tires are the only part of your vehicle that directly contacts the road, making them a critical factor in safety, performance, and fuel efficiency. Proper tire maintenance not only extends tire life but also prevents blowouts and handling issues.
During your inspection, check for the following:
- Minimum Tread Depth:
Bald or low-tread tires significantly reduce grip, especially on wet or uneven roads. Use a tread depth gauge to check your traction. Steering axle tires must have at least 4/32 of an inch, while all other tires must have at least 2/32 of an inch. - Proper Inflation (Use a Gauge):
Check tire pressure with a calibrated air gauge. Never rely on visual inspection alone. Both underinflated and overinflated tires can lead to uneven wear, poor fuel economy, and a higher risk of a tire blowout. - Cuts, Bulges, or Uneven Wear:
Inspect sidewalls and tread surfaces for any signs of physical damage, such as deep cuts, embedded objects, bubbles, or irregular wear patterns. These can indicate alignment problems, suspension issues, or impending tire failure. - Damaged or Loose Lug Nuts:
Examine wheel fasteners for any signs of looseness, rust streaks (which can indicate movement), or cracks around the lug holes. A missing or damaged lug nut can result in wheel separation—a serious safety hazard.
Worn, underinflated, or damaged tires are one of the leading causes of roadside breakdowns and vehicle out-of-service violations.
A few extra minutes during inspection can save time, money, and potentially lives, and Vestige’s line of 360-degree surveillance cameras serves as that additional layer of security to keep your team safe.
4. Steering System
A lot can happen on the road, particularly emergencies, sharp turns, and poor weather conditions. If your steering system isn’t in good shape, even minor issues can lead to unsafe handling, increased wear on other components, or loss of control.
With this in mind, here are all the components you must inspect:
- Steering Wheel Play (No More Than 10 Degrees):
“Too much play” in the steering wheel indicates something may be loose or worn out. In most vehicles, the wheel shouldn’t move more than about 2 inches (roughly 10 degrees) before the tires start to respond. If it moves more than that, your steering may feel sloppy or delayed, making it harder to stay in control, especially in tight spots or during quick maneuvers. - Loose or Worn Steering Components:
Check linkages, tie rods, ball joints, drag links, and steering arms for wear, damage, or looseness. Any play in these components can compromise vehicle stability and steering alignment. - Power Steering Fluid Levels (If Applicable):
For vehicles equipped with power steering, inspect the fluid reservoir. Low or contaminated fluid may cause stiff or inconsistent steering and could indicate a leak in the system. Also listen for whining or groaning noises when turning the wheel, which could signal pump or belt issues.
Neglecting this system can lead to overcorrection, drifting, or even complete loss of steering control on the road.
In the event of an accident, it’d be wise to set up your vehicles for success with Vestige driver monitoring technology to defend your team and your reputation from claim fraud.
Click here to read more about how smart camera systems on your work vehicles save you money.
5. Suspension System
The suspension system keeps the tires on the road, protects cargo, and maintains vehicle stability. When parts of the suspension are worn or damaged, you may feel every bump in the road and increase your chances of losing control.
Here’s what to look for before driving:
- Leaf Springs, Airbags, and Shocks:
Check for broken, cracked, or missing leaf springs. Look at airbags for signs of dry rot, leaks, or deflation. Make sure shocks aren’t leaking fluid and that they’re securely attached. Any of these issues can throw off your vehicle’s balance and ride quality. - Mounting Brackets and Bolts:
Ensure all suspension components are firmly attached. Look for missing, loose, or rusted bolts and brackets, which can cause parts to shift or fail while driving. - Leaks, Cracks, or Excessive Wear:
Cracks, corrosion, or obvious wear can weaken the system and lead to breakdowns or unsafe driving conditions. Inspect for oil or air leaks around suspension parts.
A faulty suspension compromises steering, braking, and vehicle control and makes the trip bumpier. That’s especially dangerous when you’re hauling cargo, so don’t neglect checking this system.
John Lampersona, VP of Safety & Logistics at SalSon, was determined to protect his fleet—and his business relationships—from the crushing weight of multi-million-dollar accident claims.
By equipping his entire fleet with the Vestige Camera, Lampersona successfully reversed the situation. Real-time data aided in enhancing driver behavior, preventing false claims, and reducing accident-related expenses, thereby revolutionizing SalSon’s safety culture.
Read more about how the Vestige Camera drives lasting change in the logistics industry.
6. Coupling Devices (For Combination Vehicles)
Coupling components must be secure and fully functional to maintain a safe connection between the tractor and trailer. Any weakness or oversight in this system can lead to trailer instability or separation.
During inspection, check the following:
- Fifth Wheel or Pintle Hook:
Confirm the fifth wheel is properly mounted and that the trailer bed is lying completely flat. The locking mechanism should fully engage around the kingpin with no visible gaps. Pintle hooks should be latched and locked, with all pins and hardware in place. - Safety Chains:
Safety chains should be securely attached, free from damage, and crossed underneath the coupler if required. Inspect for worn, stretched, twisted, or dragging links. - Electrical and Air Lines:
Make sure all lines are properly connected and undamaged. Look for cuts, abrasions, or signs of wear. Airlines should not be kinked or leaking, and electrical lines must be secured to prevent disconnection or short circuits.
Failure to identify problems in the coupling system can compromise control of the trailer and pose serious safety risks. Regular checks help ensure the vehicle remains stable and compliant on the road.
With Vestige’s real-time fleet monitoring as part of your safety strategy, you can confirm that all areas have been inspected before every trip.
7. Engine Compartment
Routine engine checks support performance, reduce the risk of mechanical failure, and help keep your route on track. A quick check under the hood catches small issues before they turn into major problems.
Here’s what to look for:
- Fluid Levels:
Check oil, coolant, and power steering fluid using their respective dipsticks or reservoirs. Low levels may point to leaks or excessive consumption and should be addressed before operation. - Belts and Hoses:
Inspect all visible belts for cracks, fraying, or glazing. Hoses should be firm, not brittle or spongy, and free from leaks or bulges. Loose clamps or fittings should be tightened to prevent pressure loss or fluid leaks. - Leaks or Loose Connections:
Look around the engine bay for any visible signs of fluid leaks, such as puddles or wet spots near seals and gaskets. Also, check that wiring and fittings are securely attached and not rubbing against moving parts.
Completing this quick inspection prevents unexpected delays and ensures vehicles run smoothly throughout the day.
8. In-Cab Inspection
To perform a proper in-cab inspection, hop into the driver’s seat and turn on the ignition.
Check for the following:
- Gauges, Lights, and Indicators:
All dashboard gauges should be working. Make sure the oil pressure, coolant temperature, fuel, and air pressure all illuminate during startup and go off as expected. - Wipers, Horn, and Defroster:
Test windshield wipers for full range of motion and good contact with the glass. Make sure washer fluid sprays sufficiently. If nothing comes out, you either need to put in more fluid or check that the washer fluid pipe did not come undone. The horn should be loud and responsive, and the defroster needs to blow warm air to maintain visibility in cold or humid conditions. - Seat and Mirrors:
The driver’s seat must be securely mounted and adjusted for proper, comfortable posture and reach. Check that all mirrors are clean, intact, and positioned to give a clear view of your surroundings. - Service and Parking Brakes:
With the engine still running, test the service brake by moving forward slightly and applying pressure. The vehicle should stop smoothly without pulling to one side. Engage the parking brake to ensure it holds the vehicle in place.
A clean, fully functional cab gives you the best visibility and control while reducing distractions, discomfort, and fatigue during long hauls.
9. Emergency Equipment
Every commercial vehicle is required by federal law to carry basic emergency equipment. These items are essential for protecting yourself and others in the event of a breakdown, roadside stop, or emergency situation.
Make sure your vehicle includes:
- Fire Extinguisher:
Check that the extinguisher is fully charged, not expired, and securely mounted within reach of the driver. The gauge should be in the green zone, and the safety pin must be intact. - Reflective Safety Triangles:
You must have at least three reflective safety triangles. Confirm that they are stored together, undamaged, and ready for deployment in case of a breakdown or roadside emergency. - Spare Fuses:
If your vehicle uses fuses (rather than circuit breakers), carry an assortment of spare fuses that match those used in your system. Store them in a clearly marked container for quick access.
There’s nothing worse than your vehicle breaking down on a highway when you’re on a tight schedule and you’re miles away from the nearest roadside assistance. Staying prepared with these tools on hand helps manage roadside emergencies and keep you on the road.
10. Cargo Securement
Improperly secured loads create significant safety hazards and can lead to costly fines or accidents. Always make sure your cargo is safely and legally secured before every trip.
- Use Proper Straps, Chains, or Tie-Downs:
Choose the right type and number of securement devices based on your load. Straps, chains, binders, and tensioners should meet safety standards and be rated for the weight of your cargo. - Inspect Securement Devices for Wear or Damage:
Before use, check all straps and chains for frays, cuts, rust, or broken links. Damaged equipment can fail under tension, risking load shifts or drops. - Confirm Load Balance and Weight Limits:
Ensure the load is evenly distributed and properly positioned to maintain vehicle stability. Verify that your total weight and axle loads comply with legal limits to avoid fines and prevent handling issues.
Remember that different cargo types, such as machinery, logs, or loose materials, require specific securement methods.
Familiarize yourself with the regulations and best practices for your particular haul. When in doubt, see the FMCSA’s Commodity-Specific Securement Requirements for recommendations.
11. Frame and Body
The frame and body provide the foundation and protection for your vehicle. Inspecting these areas regularly helps identify problems that could affect safety or cause breakdowns:
- Cracks, Rust, or Structural Damage:
One small crack could quickly grow into a major safety issue. Look closely at frame rails, cross members, and welds for any cracks, heavy rust, or bent sections. - Loose Doors, Latches, or Panels:
Check all doors and compartments for proper alignment and secure latching. Loose panels can flap at high speeds, causing damage or distracting the driver. - Any Defects That Could Pose a Safety Risk:
Any sharp edges, missing bolts, parts rubbing against tires or suspension components, or anything that may threaten structural integrity or could cause injury need to be repaired right away.
Maintaining a solid, intact frame and body ensures your vehicle remains safe, stable, and compliant while on the road.
TRUSTED BY INDUSTRY LEADERS
Don’t Skip the Paperwork: DVIR Requirements
Per FMCSA regulations, drivers must complete a Driver Vehicle Inspection Report (DVIR) after each inspection. If defects are found that could affect safety, repairs must be documented and resolved before operating the vehicle.
Keeping accurate DVIRs protects you during audits, helps track recurring issues, and shows that your company takes safety responsibilities seriously.
Best Practices for Effective Inspections
Use a Consistent Routine
Start in the same place each time to build a habit and avoid missing steps. Most drivers begin at the front of the vehicle and work their way around clockwise, but find a flow that works for you.
Follow a Checklist
A formal checklist, either on paper or on a mobile app, offers a visual that ensures components aren’t skipped by mistake.
Take Your Time
A complete inspection should take 15 to 30 minutes, depending on your truck, so don’t rush.
Stay Informed
FMCSA regulations may be subject to change. Stay current by subscribing to FMCSA updates or joining industry safety briefings.
Go Digital
Use apps that guide your inspection and store reports electronically. Many fleet management systems integrate digital DVIRs for easy compliance.
With Vestige’s transit vehicle monitoring technology, you can integrate smart camera solutions into your safety strategy.
Vestige Fleet Multi-Cameras & GPS Tracking Features
Vestige Fleet Multi-Cameras & GPS Tracking Features
With Vestige, you can install up to eight HD dash cams on each vehicle. The cameras will be placed all around the vehicle, including one monitoring the driver’s actions, giving you a full view of everything that is happening.
Live Video Streaming
With our 4G LTE remote connection, you can access live high-quality video footage of everything the cameras capture. This integrated video solution lets you track performances easily and check for any unsafe driving behaviors that need improvement.
Cloud-based Video Portal
All video recordings will be retrievable from the cloud for 90 days. You have easy access to video clips for a post-incident analysis, making performance tracking more streamlined. You can also access additional video evidence for an accident in the portal, allowing you to protect your business from liability claims with video proof.
Automatic Video Uploads and Alerts
Vestige allows you to create notifications for vehicle accidents and other harsh driving events. You can get alerts within minutes of an unsafe event. The event video file will be uploaded to the cloud right away, allowing you to watch it anytime you want with on-demand video retrieval.
Final Thoughts: Safety Starts with You
As tedious as it may be, each inspection helps prevent accidents, protect lives, and keep our highways safe.
By consistently performing thorough inspections, you’re setting and maintaining a high standard for safety, responsibility, and professionalism in the trucking industry.
Schedule a call to discover how Vestige’s AI-powered dash cams can help you retain that high standard, enforce best safety practices across your entire fleet, and protect your bottom line.
